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Thursday, May 6, 2010

OSPF Route, Router and LSA type


we still use same network setup from the previous lab but with a little modification

remove area 50 and virtual link, advertise 50.50.50.x into area 20

R2

R2(config)#router os 1
R2(config-router)#no area 20 virtual-link 10.10.20.6

R6
R6(config)#router os 1
R6(config-router)#no area 20 virtual-link 172.16.2.1
R6(config-router)#no network 50.50.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 50
R6(config-router)#network 50.50.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 20

change area 20 to Stub area

R2
R2(config-router)#area 20 stub

R6
R6(config-router)#area 20 stub


3 Route type - O, O IA, O E1/E2


  • O - route to a destination where the area is connected to it

R2 is connected to area 20(in yellow), area 0(in green)

show ip route
     200.200.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       200.200.20.1 [110/2] via 10.10.20.6, 00:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     50.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       50.50.50.1 [110/2] via 10.10.20.6, 00:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    21.21.21.0 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:56, Serial0/0
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O       172.16.1.0 [110/128] via 172.16.2.2, 00:04:43, Serial0/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
O       172.16.3.0 [110/128] via 172.16.2.2, 00:04:43, Serial0/0
     22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    22.22.22.0 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:56, Serial0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    10.40.1.0 [110/129] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
     11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    11.11.11.1 [110/130] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
     12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    12.12.12.1 [110/130] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0




  • O IA - route to a destination in another OSPF area

from R2, area 40 suppose to be 'another area' for it, so, all the route to this destination should start with O IA

show ip route
     200.200.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       200.200.20.1 [110/2] via 10.10.20.6, 00:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     50.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       50.50.50.1 [110/2] via 10.10.20.6, 00:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    21.21.21.0 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:56, Serial0/0
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O       172.16.1.0 [110/128] via 172.16.2.2, 00:04:43, Serial0/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
O       172.16.3.0 [110/128] via 172.16.2.2, 00:04:43, Serial0/0
     22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    22.22.22.0 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:56, Serial0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    10.40.1.0 [110/129] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
     11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    11.11.11.1 [110/130] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
     12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    12.12.12.1 [110/130] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0



  • O E2/E1 - External route that learned from redistribution

in this case all route that learned from RIP

show ip route
     200.200.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       200.200.20.1 [110/2] via 10.10.20.6, 00:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     50.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       50.50.50.1 [110/2] via 10.10.20.6, 00:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    21.21.21.0 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:56, Serial0/0
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O       172.16.1.0 [110/128] via 172.16.2.2, 00:04:43, Serial0/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
O       172.16.3.0 [110/128] via 172.16.2.2, 00:04:43, Serial0/0
     22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    22.22.22.0 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:56, Serial0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    10.40.1.0 [110/129] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
     11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    11.11.11.1 [110/130] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
     12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    12.12.12.1 [110/130] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.2.2, 00:03:57, Serial0/0


4 Router type - Internal, Backbone, ABR and ASBR

show ip ospf can show all the information regarding to router type


  • Internal - All interface in single area ; R0
check how many area it has
R0>sh ip os
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 172.16.3.2
 ...
 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
 External flood list length 0
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 3
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:43:05.116 ago
..
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 4
        Flood list length 0



  • Backbone - at least one interface in area 0 ; R0, R1, R2 and R3
R1>sh ip os
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 172.16.1.1
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 ..
 External flood list length 0
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 1
        Area has no authentication
  ..
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 4
        Flood list length 0
    Area 40
        Number of interfaces in this area is 0
        It is a stub area
..
        Flood list length 0



  • ABR - at least one interface in area 0, other interface interface in another area
 - all ABR are Backbone ; R1, R2 and R3
 - Backbone may be ABR, may not (where all interface in area 0); R0 is no ABR only because all int in area 0
R2>sh ip os
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 172.16.2.1
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 It is an area border router
..



  • ASBR - where OSPF meet other routing protocol and perform route redistribution ; R1
R1>sh ip os
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 172.16.1.1
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 It is an autonomous system boundary router
 Redistributing External Routes from,
    rip, includes subnets in redistribution
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
..


LSA type

use show ip ospf database


  • LSA type 1 – Router LSAs are sent from a router to other routers in the same area. It contains information regarding the routers interfaces in the same area, relevant interfaces IPs, its adjacent routers on those interfaces and sub networks. 

In this case, R2 have 2 area

R2>sh ip os da

            OSPF Router with ID (172.16.2.1) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.16.1.1      172.16.1.1      1456        0x8000003C 0x00248A 2
172.16.2.1      172.16.2.1      1723        0x80000040 0x00297E 2
172.16.3.1      172.16.3.1      7           0x8000003B 0x004365 2
172.16.3.2      172.16.3.2      1756        0x80000042 0x003DB0 6

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
...
200.200.20.1    172.16.2.1      1461        0x80000002 0x007261

                Router Link States (Area 20)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
10.10.20.6      10.10.20.6      1568        0x80000047 0x0018C2 3
172.16.2.1      172.16.2.1      1063        0x8000003F 0x009390 1

                Net Link States (Area 20)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
..



  • LSA type 2 – Network LSAs are generated by the DR(on a broadcast network) on a multi access segment, and provides similar information to an LSA type 1 for the multi access segment and subnet which it belongs

in this broadcast 10.40.1.x only have 2 router, so R3 only show the other one on the database

R3>sh ip os da

            OSPF Router with ID (172.16.3.1) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.16.1.1      172.16.1.1      1920        0x8000003C 0x00248A 2
..
172.16.3.1      172.16.3.1      232         0x80000040 0x0036D4 1

                Net Link States (Area 40)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.40.1.1       172.16.3.1      232         0x8000003B 0x00F91D

                Summary Net Link States (Area 40)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
0...


  • LSA type 3 – Network Summary LSAs are generated by ABRs and contain the subnets & costs but omit the topological data from all subnets in one area and sent to another area via the ABR

R3>sh ip os da

            OSPF Router with ID (172.16.3.1) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.16.1.1      172.16.1.1      261         0x8000003D 0x00228B 2
172.16.2.1      172.16.2.1      496         0x80000041 0x00277F 2
172.16.3.1      172.16.3.1      821         0x8000003B 0x004365 2
172.16.3.2      172.16.3.2      581         0x80000043 0x003BB1 6

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.20.0      172.16.2.1      243         0x80000046 0x008A84
10.40.1.0       172.16.3.1      575         0x80000046 0x00EB17
11.11.11.1      172.16.3.1      575         0x8000002B 0x00042A
12.12.12.1      172.16.3.1      575         0x8000002B 0x00DF4B
50.50.50.1      172.16.2.1      243         0x80000003 0x00D908
200.200.20.1    172.16.2.1      243         0x80000003 0x007062

                Router Link States (Area 40)

..



  • LSA type 4 -ASBR summary LSAs are from ASBRs and are identical in structure to a type 3 LSA and sent when crossing an AS boundary

somehow I can't show this information, still can't figure out where's the trick, but it should start with 'summary ASB link states'



  • LSA type 5 -Are AS external LSAs which are originated by ASBRs and describe external networks

notice that the link ID are the one that learned from RIP


R2>sh ip os da

            OSPF Router with ID (172.16.2.1) (Process ID 1)

...
                Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
21.21.21.0      172.16.1.1      1616        0x8000003A 0x00DE8A 0
22.22.22.0      172.16.1.1      1621        0x8000003A 0x00BAAB 0
192.168.1.0     172.16.1.1      1621        0x8000003A 0x001925 0

and you not gonna see this type on Stub and Totally Stubby area, try 'show ip ospf database' on R5 and R6


for type 6 and type 7, i can't show in this network setup yet... will continue soon ;)


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